VBAC: Indications, Advantages, Disadvantages, and More

VBAC stands for Vaginal Birth After Cesarean. It refers to the delivery of a baby vaginally by a woman who has previously undergone a cesarean section for childbirth. VBAC is considered a safe and viable option for many women who have had a previous cesarean birth, provided certain criteria are met. It allows women to attempt a vaginal delivery for subsequent pregnancies rather than opting for a repeat cesarean section. It offers several potential benefits, such as avoiding the risks associated with multiple cesarean sections and potentially shorter recovery times. However, it also comes with certain risks and considerations, including the possibility of uterine rupture. The decision to attempt one should be made in consultation with healthcare providers, taking into account individual medical history, current pregnancy factors, and preferences. Please keep reading for details on the following topics:

Indications for a VBAC

Advantages of a VBAC

Disadvantages of a VBAC

Risks of VBAC

Contraindications for a vaginal birth

Partner holding baby after VBAC waterbirth

INDICATIONS FOR VBAC

These indications suggest that the woman may be a suitable candidate for attempting a VBAC under appropriate medical supervision and support. However, individual circumstances may vary, and healthcare providers will evaluate each case to determine if it is suitable for the woman. Vaginal birth may be considered ideal if the woman:

  1. Had a previous cesarean with a low-transverse (bikini line) incision, which is associated with a lower risk of uterine rupture.
  2. Is carrying a singleton pregnancy, as VBAC may be less suitable for multiple gestations.
  3. Did not undergo a cesarean due to failure to progress in labor (dystocia) during a previous delivery.
  4. Has a current pregnancy without contraindications or complications that may increase the likelihood of VBAC success.
  5. Has previously had a successful VBAC, indicating a higher likelihood of success with subsequent attempts.
  6. Has begun labor spontaneously and is progressing well, with favorable indicators such as cervical dilation and effacement.
  7. Is younger than 35 years old, as advanced maternal age may slightly increase the risk of VBAC complications.
  8. No medical conditions or health problems that would preclude a vaginal birth.
  9. Absence of the reason for the previous cesarean in the current pregnancy.
  10. No concerns regarding the size or positioning of the baby for vaginal delivery: fetus is in the head-down position and has normal weight.

ADVANTAGES OF VBAC

Healthcare provider guiding baby's head during vaginal delivery

  1. Avoiding additional uterine scars: VBAC allows the woman to avoid undergoing another cesarean section, which is a major surgical procedure. It also reduces the risk of multiple cesarean sections, which can lead to increased scar tissue on the uterus.
  2. Lower risk of infection: Compared to cesarean sections, VBAC lowers the risk of postoperative infections.
  3. Shortened recovery period: Recovery after a vaginal birth is typically faster compared to recovery after a cesarean section, allowing the woman to resume normal activities sooner. After a vaginal birth, women typically can take care of themselves and their baby more easily compared to recovery after a cesarean section.
  4. Reduced postpartum pain: Vaginal births generally result in less postpartum pain and discomfort compared to cesarean sections.
  5. Potential for easier bonding and breastfeeding initiation: Skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding initiation may be easier after a vaginal birth, promoting early bonding between the mother and baby.
  6. Lower risk of complications associated with surgery: VBAC avoids the risks associated with major abdominal surgery, such as severe bleeding (hemorrhage), infection, anesthesia complications, and surgical complications like damage to the intestines and bladder.
  7. Increased satisfaction with the birthing experience: Many women report greater satisfaction with the birthing experience when they are able to achieve a vaginal birth after a previous cesarean.
  8. Shorter Hospital Stay: VBAC may result in a shorter hospital stay compared to cesarean delivery, allowing the woman to return home sooner after giving birth.

  9. Partner Support During Labor: In a VBAC, the partner can be present to provide support and assistance during labor, which can be a meaningful experience for both partners.

DISADVANTAGES OF VBAC

  1. Increased risk of scar rupture: VBAC carries a small but increased risk of uterine rupture compared to repeat cesarean delivery, especially if the woman has had a previous cesarean with a classical or T-shaped incision.
  2. Continuous fetal monitoring is typically required to promptly detect any signs of fetal distress, which may limit mobility during labor.
  3. Restricted eating during labor: In case an emergency cesarean becomes necessary during VBAC, the woman may be restricted from eating to reduce the risk of aspiration during anesthesia.
  4. Risk of unsuccessful vaginal birth: There is a possibility that labor may not progress as anticipated, leading to an unplanned cesarean section after an attempt at VBAC.
  5. Potential for prolonged labor: VBAC may result in longer labor duration compared to elective repeat cesarean section, which can be physically and emotionally challenging for the woman.
  6. Limited access to VBAC-friendly providers and facilities: Some healthcare providers or facilities may have restrictions or policies that discourage or limit VBAC attempts, which may limit the woman’s options for birthing.
  7. Psychological impact of potential failure: If VBAC is attempted but not successful, the woman may experience feelings of disappointment, frustration, or guilt, impacting her mental well-being.
  8. Risk of infection or other complications: While VBAC generally has lower rates of infection compared to cesarean section, there is still a risk of infection or other complications associated with vaginal birth, albeit lower than with repeat cesarean delivery.

RISKS OF VBAC

  1. Increased likelihood of needing a repeat cesarean if labor does not progress as expected.
  2. Uterine rupture, which is a rare but serious complication where the scar from a previous cesarean tears open during labor.
  3. Infection, which can occur at the site of uterine rupture or in the surgical incision from a previous cesarean.

CONTRAINDICATIONS OF VBAC

Vaginal Birth After Cesarean may not be considered ideal if the woman:

  1. Had a previous cesarean due to difficult labor, such as prolonged or obstructed labor, known as dystocia.
  2. Is obese, as obesity may increase the risk of complications during labor, including uterine rupture.
  3. Is over 35 years old, as advanced maternal age may be associated with a higher risk of uterine rupture during VBAC.
  4. Is carrying a fetus estimated to weigh over 4000 grams (9 pounds), as larger babies may increase the risk of complications during vaginal delivery.
  5. Had a cesarean less than 18 months ago, as a short interval between pregnancies may increase the risk of uterine rupture.
  6. Has elevated blood pressure or other medical conditions that may increase the risk of complications during labor.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this content is for general informational purposes only. It is not intended as medical or healthcare advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of a qualified healthcare professional with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or healthcare decisions.

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