Pregnancy
Pregnancy is a beautiful journey that women experience when they are expecting a baby. During this period, the expectant mother goes through unique physical and emotional changes, as well as other alterations to her lifestyle. Pregnancy lasts an average of 40 weeks, beginning with the first day of the mother’s last menstrual period and ending with childbirth. During this time, the developing baby grows from a single cell to a fully formed newborn – a process that requires significant physical and hormonal changes for both the mother and baby. The expectant mother needs to make sure she gets regular checkups, eat healthy foods, take prenatal vitamins, get plenty of rest, drink plenty of water and avoid any risky activities like smoking or drinking alcohol in order to ensure her baby is born healthy. By taking good care of herself during pregnancy, a woman can set her child up for success in life. Please keep reading for details on the following topics:
Signs of pregnancy
Factors contributing to weight gain in pregnancy
Complications in pregnancy
Symptoms of pregnancy
Doctor’s visit
What happens during prenatal clinics
Common infections in pregnancy
When to seek urgent medical care
Healthy tips during pregnancy
Fetal kick count
SIGNS OF PREGNANCY
Are you experiencing any signs or symptoms of pregnancy? It’s important to be aware of the common signs of pregnancy so that you can take the necessary steps to ensure a healthy pregnancy. From missed periods to morning sickness and more, there are a variety of physical, emotional, and cognitive signs of pregnancy that can help you determine if you may be expecting. To learn more about the signs of pregnancy, read on.
Tiredness
Vomiting
Cravings
Mood swing
Bleeding from the vagina
Constipation
Frequent urination
Headache
Heartburn
Weight changes
Missed or strange Period
Sore, swollen, sensitive breasts
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO WEIGHT GAIN IN A PREGNANCY
Pregnancy is an exciting time, but it can also bring a range of physical and emotional changes. One of the most common changes is weight gain, which can be influenced by a number of different factors. This article will discuss the various factors that contribute to weight gain in a pregnancy and how they can be managed.
These factors include:
-Nutrition: Eating a healthy, balanced diet is essential for maintaining a healthy weight during pregnancy. Eating too much or too little can lead to excessive weight gain or weight loss.
-Exercise: Regular exercise can help to burn calories and improve overall health during pregnancy.
-Hormonal Changes: Hormonal changes can cause the body to store more fat than usual.
-Genetics: Genetics can play a role in how much weight a pregnant woman will gain.
-Stress: Stress can lead to overeating and poor nutrition, which can contribute to excessive weight gain.
By understanding the various factors that contribute to weight gain in pregnancy, women can make informed decisions about their diet, exercise, and lifestyle to ensure a healthy pregnancy.
Fetal weight =7 1/2 pounds
The placenta, which nourishes the baby, = 1 1/2 pounds
The uterus = 2 pounds
Weight gained due to increased blood volume= 4 pounds
Weight gained from an increase in body fluid = 4 pounds
The weight of the breasts =2 pounds
Amniotic fluid = 2 pounds.
A woman’s weight is gained from the excess protein, fat, and other nutrients that are stored in the body and is =7 pounds
The combined weight from all these sources is about 30 pounds
Image of a happy couple expecting a baby
PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS
It is important to know when to seek urgent medical care, as delaying appropriate treatment can lead to further health complications. If you experience any of the following symptoms, you should seek medical help immediately. If you have any doubts about whether you should seek medical care, it is always better to err on the side of caution and consult with your doctor.
Low blood volume
Infection of the bladder
Mood swings
High blood pressure (preeclampsia)
Severe vomiting (hyperemesis gravidarum or morning sickness)
Possibility of developing gestational diabetes
Obesity due to the excess weight gain in the pregnancy
EXPLANATION OF COMMON EARLY PREGNANCY SYMPTOMS
Sore, swollen, sensitive breasts
The breasts are preparing for breastfeeding
Increased Urination
As the uterus grows, it presses on the bladder causing one to urinate frequently
The kidneys work harder to produce fluid due to the increase in the amount of blood produced by the body
Increased Body Temperature
Caused by the increase in hormones in the body
Vomiting and/or Nausea also called “morning sickness”
Occurs between the fourth and sixth week of pregnancy until the 12th week
It may continue until the entire pregnancy or return by 32 weeks
Foods such as bananas, rice, crackers and applesauce tend to be easier to eat when looking for relief from morning sickness.
HOW TO MANAGE NAUSEA
Eat a few crackers before rising from the bed
Rise slowly from the bed
Avoid missing meals because empty stomachs can worsen the symptoms
Have small frequent meals throughout the day
Keep hydrated by drinking plenty fluids throughout the day
Ginger tea may help treat the nausea
Eat protein instead of foods rich in fat
Avoid iron supplements which may worsen the nausea
Avoid strong odors, dairy products and caffeine which may trigger the vomiting
Ensure plenty rest
Feeling tired (fatigue)
The progesterone made by the body slows down metabolism which may make one feel more tired
Persons who have low levels of iron in the body may feel fatigue
Ensure a diet rich in iron
Take iron supplements as prescribed
Avoid missing meals
Perform regular exercises
Rest throughout the day
Sleep problems
The growing abdomen, frequent movement of the fetus and frequent trips to the toilet to urinate may contribute to sleep disturbance
Keep a fixed schedule for sleeping
Use the bed only for sleep
Avoid foods containing caffeine
Perform relaxation exercises
Avoid drinking too much fluids after 6pm to minimize trips to the bathroom
Elevate the head on extra pillows when in bed to allow the diaphragm to relax and improve breathing
Take medication to alleviate the symptoms as prescribed
Feeling ill
Pregnancy can be an exciting time, but it can also be a time of feeling unwell. Many women experience various symptoms during pregnancy, such as fatigue, nausea, vomiting, heartburn, constipation, and changes in appetite. It’s important to be aware of these common issues and to talk to your healthcare provider if you’re feeling unwell. Seeking medical advice can help keep you and your baby healthy.
For flu-like symptoms one can take prescribed medication for pain and fever
It is not advised to use more than the recommended number of doses
One must be sure to read all labels carefully and take heed to all precautions given
Avoid taking any medication without consulting a doctor or pharmacist
Heartburn and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Pregnancy can be an exciting and joyful experience, but it can also bring unwelcome physical symptoms. Heartburn is a common issue for many pregnant women, causing uncomfortable burning sensations in the chest and throat. It is important to understand the causes of heartburn during pregnancy and how to help alleviate the symptoms. From dietary adjustments to over-the-counter medications, there are several steps you can take to reduce the discomfort of heartburn during pregnancy.
This could be caused by eating spicy or gas forming foods
The acid from the spicy foods and caffeine may worsen the symptoms
It would be wise to divide the foods in smaller portions to eat in frequent occasions
Remain in an upright or sitting position for at least 2 hours after eating, before one can lay down
Avoid smoking or chewing tobacco which can worsen the symptoms
By raising the head of the bed with wedges or using extra pillows, pressure can be relieved off the stomach to reduce the symptoms
Antiacids can be used as prescribed to help manage the symptoms
Back, pelvic, and hip discomfort
Pregnant women often experience discomfort in their back, pelvis, and hips due to changes in their body during pregnancy. This can range from slight aches and pains to severe pain and immobility, making it difficult to carry out everyday tasks or even just move around. Proper care and attention should be taken to ensure that this discomfort is minimized and managed effectively. In this article, we will discuss the causes of back, pelvic, and hip discomfort in pregnancy, as well as how to manage it.
The oversized uterus adds pressure to the back and causes pain
It may be normal to have discomfort to the hips and pelvic region because the body is preparing for childbirth
It would be wise to avoid standing for prolonged period of time
One should always straighten the back when standing to help maintain posture and relieve pressure and pain to the back
One foot can be placed in a higher position than the other such as on top a brick or stool for back alignment and pain control
A hot water bottle can be placed on the painful area for relief
One can sit whilst the lower back is being supported by a pillow
A girdle around the hips may help support the hips
One can sleep on a firm mattress
Laying on the side with a pillow tucked between the knees
Avoid lifting heavy items
Keep the waist and back aligned when lifting objects
Avoid stretching over to reach an object
Wear flat comfortable shoes
Vaginal discharge is a common occurrence during pregnancy, and can vary in color and consistency. It’s important for pregnant women to be aware of changes in their discharge, as it can be an indicator of an infection or other health concern. Generally, a normal discharge during pregnancy will be thin and clear or white in color, and can increase in volume throughout the course of the pregnancy. In some cases, a yellowish or greenish discharge may be present, and while this can be normal, it’s best to consult a healthcare provider if you have any concerns. Monitoring your discharge can help ensure that you and your baby remain healthy throughout your pregnancy.
The amount of vaginal secretions may increase when the cervix grows mucus to occlude the opening of the cervix
Avoid sex until the vaginal tissues are healed
Avoid scratching the vagina
Apply cold compressed to the vagina to alleviate itching
Avoid nylon underwear which increases moisture to the area
Use cotton underwear to keep the area cool
Do not douche
It would be wise to sleep without underwear to allow the vagina to breathe
Dizziness
Pregnancy can be an exciting and joyous time for expecting mothers, however it can also come with its share of discomforts. Dizziness is one of these discomforts, and can occur for a variety of reasons during pregnancy. This article will provide an overview of dizziness in pregnancy, including its possible causes and how it can be managed.
A drop in blood pressure can contribute to dizziness
Sensitivity to certain smells, food textures or tastes
Pregnancy can be a time of heightened sensitivity to certain smells, food textures, and tastes. For many women, this can be an uncomfortable experience as the body adapts to the changes associated with pregnancy. While there is no definitive answer as to why some women experience sensitivity to smells, food textures, and tastes during pregnancy, there are some theories as to why this may occur. In this article, we will explore the possible causes of this sensitivity, as well as provide some tips for managing it.
The body produces hormones which changes the woman’s sense of smell and taste
Breathlessness
Breathlessness is a common and often uncomfortable symptom experienced by pregnant women. It can be caused by a range of factors, including an increase in the hormone progesterone, changes in the size and shape of the lungs, and an increase in the size of the uterus. It is important to recognize the signs and symptoms of breathlessness in pregnancy, as it can have a significant impact on a woman’s quality of life. Understanding the causes, signs, and management strategies can help pregnant women to better manage their breathlessness and ultimately reduce their discomfort.
The amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide the lungs hold increases due to the hormones in the body
The size of the womb may put pressure on the diaphragm
Thus, the woman may have difficulty breathing at times
Constipation
Pregnancy can bring about many changes to a woman’s body, including an increased risk of constipation. Constipation in pregnancy is quite common, and can be caused by a variety of factors including decreased physical activity, changes to diet, and hormonal imbalances. It is important to be aware of the signs and symptoms of constipation, as well as strategies to help manage the condition while pregnant.
Stool is hard and difficult to be excreted
The hormones slow down digestion of foods causing them to be hard
The pressure of the uterus on the stomach and intestines slow down the digestive system and lead to constipation
HOW TO ALLEVIATE CONSTIPATION
Foods high in fiber
Plenty fluids
Prescribed stool softeners
Avoiding straining to defecate
Exercise regularly
Hemorrhoids (piles) occurs by
Pregnancy can be a beautiful experience, but it can also come with a few uncomfortable side effects. One of these is hemorrhoids, a common condition that affects many women during pregnancy. Hemorrhoids are swollen veins located in the rectum and anus, and can cause pain, itching and discomfort during your pregnancy. In this article, we will discuss the causes, symptoms, and treatments for hemorrhoids during pregnancy.
Forcing the anus to pass stool
Frequent trauma from hard stools
Forcing during labor
Inserting foreign objects into the anus
HOW TO ALLEVIATE HEMORRHOIDS
Take the necessary measures to prevent constipation
Frequent sitz baths
Apply prescribed hemorrhoid cream to the area
Seek urgent medical care if bleeding occurs
Headaches
Headaches in pregnancy are very common, affecting up to 80% of all pregnant women. These headaches can range from mild to severe and can last anywhere from a few minutes to several hours. They can be caused by a variety of factors, including hormonal changes, dehydration, lack of sleep, and stress. Fortunately, there are several things you can do to help alleviate headaches during pregnancy. These include getting regular exercise, drinking plenty of fluids, avoiding triggers such as caffeine or alcohol, and getting enough rest. If your headaches persist or become more severe, it’s important to speak to your doctor to rule out any underlying conditions.
Headaches could be caused by elevated blood pressure
Seek urgent medical care
Varicose veins and leg oedema (swelling)
Pregnancy can come with a number of changes, both physical and emotional. One of those physical changes can be the appearance of varicose veins. Varicose veins during pregnancy can be a source of discomfort and even pain for some women. In this article, we will explore the causes of varicose veins in pregnancy, how to prevent them, and the treatments available to help manage the symptoms.
The amount of blood circulating in the body increases
The increased size of the uterus applies pressure on the veins of the leg
Using compression stockings
Refraining from standing for prolonged period of time
Maintaining physical activity
Elevate the feet when sitting or laying down
Seek urgent medical care when necessary
DOCTORS VISIT
Pregnancy is an incredibly exciting and life-changing experience. It is important to stay on top of your health during pregnancy by visiting your doctor regularly. During these visits, your doctor will check your health, monitor the baby’s growth and development, and provide any necessary advice or guidance. It is important to keep up with your doctor’s appointments so that you and your baby remain healthy throughout your pregnancy.
Meeting with a doctor helps
Provide reassurance
Provide advice on self-care
Perform tests and scans necessary to identify abnormalities and to determine the due date
Provide the woman advice on appropriate lifestyle changes to be made
Identify and formulate ways of controlling preexisting diseases
Monitor the woman and baby throughout the pregnancy
Adjust the dosage of medication
Confirm the expected date of delivery will be calculated based on the last menstrual period or ultrasound scan results (if available)
DURING THE PRENATAL VISIT THE DOCTOR OR MIDWIFE WILL MONITOR THE WOMAN’S
Expecting a baby? Congratulations! Prenatal visits with your doctor are essential to ensure that both you and your baby remain healthy throughout your pregnancy. During your prenatal visits, your doctor will help you monitor your baby’s growth, assess your health and well-being, and provide advice and support. Your doctor will assess your baby’s heartbeat and movement, as well as measure your weight, blood pressure, and belly size. You will also have the opportunity to discuss any concerns you may have about your pregnancy and ask questions about any upcoming test or procedures. By attending regular prenatal visits, you can feel confident that both you and your baby are receiving the best possible care.
Weight
Urine tests
Blood pressure
Size of the abdomen
The lie and position of the fetus
PRENATAL SCHEDULE VISITS
Every four weeks until week 28
Every two weeks from week 28 to 38
Weekly from week 38 until birth
ROUTINE TESTS AND EXAMS
Interview to obtain the woman’s health history
Physical examination- for baseline information and to detect issues
Breast exam- to detect abnormalities
Pelvic exam- to detect abnormalities and to assess the discharge
Weight- to identify nutritional status and risk factors of obesity
Blood pressure
Urine test- to confirm a pregnancy, to check for signs of infection, hydration status and presence of sugar in the urine
Blood test- to know the blood count and the functioning of the liver and kidney
Stool test- to check for parasites
Ultrasound- to identify the age of the pregnancy, expected due date, problems with the baby, placenta or amniotic fluid level
Glucose test- to check for diabetes in pregnancy
Fetal heart monitoring- measuring the heart beat of the fetus
Serology screening to check for HIV, Syphilis, Hepatitis b and HTLV
Group b strep screening- taking a sample of secretions around the vagina and rectum to check for group b strep (a bacteria)
Pap smear- to detect cancer or other infections of the cervix
Vaginal exam- to identify how wide the cervix is open
Depression screening
HEALTH PROBLEMS THAT CAN INCREASE THE POSSIBILITY OF RISKS IN THE PREGNANCY
Depression- risk of harm to self and baby
Diabetes- large baby, birth complications, fetal death, low blood sugar
Obesity- large baby, diabetes, fetal death, hemorrhaging
High blood pressure- seizures, fetal death, kidney problems, eye problems
Asthma- trouble breathing
Epilepsy- seizures, fetal death
HIV- passing of the infection onto baby
Cancer- treatment may cause abnormalities or harm to baby
Smoking- may lead to preterm labor and miscarriage
Pregnancy over 35 years-put the woman and baby at risk of complications
Using herbal and bush medication- may harm the fetus
Domestic violence- may cause serious harm to both mother and baby
COMMON INFECTIONS DURING A PREGNANCY
Yeast infection due to an increase in the hormone level
Bacterial vaginosis
HEALTH COMPLICATIONS THAT CAN OCCUR IN PREGNANCY
Pregnancy is an exciting time for many women, but it can also come with health complications that can be worrying and difficult to manage. From gestational diabetes to preterm labor, understanding the potential health complications that can arise during pregnancy is key to ensuring a healthy mother and baby. This article will provide an overview of the most common health complications that can occur during pregnancy.
Preeclampsia- high blood pressure with protein in the urine
Gestational diabetes- elevated blood sugar in the pregnancy
Preterm labor- the commencement of labor before 37 weeks
Placenta previa- the placenta attaches to the lower part of the uterus
Placenta abruption- the placenta separates from the uterus before the baby is born
WHEN TO SEEK URGENT MEDICAL CARE
It is important to know when to seek urgent medical care, as delaying appropriate treatment can lead to further health complications. If you experience any of the following symptoms, you should seek medical help immediately. If you have any doubts about whether you should seek medical care, it is always better to err on the side of caution and consult with your doctor.
Abnormal movement of the baby inside the womb
Pain to the abdomen
High temperature
Widespread itching of the skin
Sudden swelling to the body
Problems with the vision
Headache
Passing blood from the vagina
Passing tissue from the vagina
Vomiting
Passing fluids from the vagina
Difficulty urinating- pain or burning
Frequent urinating
Body weakness
HEALTHY PREGNANCY TIPS
Are you expecting a baby? Congratulations! Pregnancy is an exciting and amazing journey, however, it can be a bit overwhelming too. That’s why it’s important to stay healthy and informed during this special time. Here are some tips to help you have the best pregnancy experience possible, you can ensure that your pregnancy is a healthy and happy experience.
Get plenty of rest. Pregnancy can be exhausting, so make sure you’re getting enough sleep.
Eat healthy foods. Eating a balanced diet is essential for you and your baby. Pay special attention to key nutrients like calcium, iron, and folic acid.
Keeping the body active by exercising moderately. Exercise can help you feel better and reduce your risk of complications. Talk to your doctor before you start any exercise routine.
Keep track of your baby’s growth. Regular prenatal visits can ensure that your baby is growing properly. Don’t miss any appointments.
Stay hydrated, include plenty water or fluids in the diet . Drinking plenty of water is important for you and your baby.
Take time for yourself. Adopt ways of relaxing and meditating. Make sure to take breaks and relax. This can help you stay healthy and positive.
Take the prenatal vitamins as prescribed
Vegetarians require supplements for the essential nutrients lacking in their diet
Avoid alcohol, drugs, Tobacco smoke, chemicals and radiation
FETAL KICK COUNT
Fetal kick counting is an important part of monitoring a baby’s health in the womb. It involves counting and tracking the baby’s movements, such as kicks, punches and rolls, to help identify any potential issues or abnormalities. By regularly tracking these movements, it can help parents and healthcare professionals identify any changes in the baby’s activity, which can be indicative of potential problems. It is an important tool for monitoring the health and wellbeing of an unborn baby, and is recommended by medical professionals as part of a comprehensive prenatal care plan.
The baby is usually felt after the 18th week if pregnancy
It is normal for the mother to feel 10 movements in one hour
When the baby is asleep less activity may be felt
If the baby does not move at least 10 times within an hour, the woman should eat or drink and then monitor the movements during the next hour
Urgent medical care must be sought if less than 10 movements are felt whin 2 hours
ACTIVITIES THAT CAN BE PERFORMED DURING PREGNANCY
Sexual activity- as long as the pregnancy is complication free
Working or going to school- avoid over exertion
Traveling
Wearing seatbelts
Getting a massage
